Darwin's frogs (Rhinoderma darwinii and Rhinoderma rufum) are the only known living amphibians where the male broods the tadpoles inside its vocal sac. Both species inhabit the native forest of central and southern Chile, while R. darwinii is also found in an area of the Argentinean Andes. Recently, these species have experienced alarming population declines. R. rufum was last recorded in 1981 and is currently classified as "Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct)" by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). On the other hand, R. darwinii still survives in nature and it is classified as "Endangered" according to Chilean law and by the IUCN, and as ''Threatened'' according to Argentinian law.